Chitosan based-nanoparticles and nanocapsules: Overview, physicochemical features, applications of a nanofibrous scaffold, and bioprinting

Recent advancements in the synthesis, properties, and applications of chitosan as second after cellulose available biopolymer nature were discussed this review. A general overview processing production procedures from to Z was highlighted. Chitosan exists three polymorphic forms which differ degree crystallinity (?, ?, ?). Thus, deacetylation, crystallinity, surface area, molecular mass significantly affect most applications. Otherwise, synthesis nanofibers is suffering many drawbacks that recently treated by co-electrospun with other polymers such polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polycaprolactone (PCL). Ultimately, review focuses on area new trend utilization nanoparticles nanospheres nanocapsules, cartilage bone regenerative medicine. Owing its biocompatibility, bioavailability, biodegradability, costless a promising biopolymeric structure for water remediation, drug delivery, antimicrobials, tissue engineering.